Discussion
Storage allocation decisions such as the offset of a local variable in an activation record are made
Answer: B
Correct answer: in the back end, once the target machine layout is known
An offset within an activation record depends on the sizes and alignments of the target's data types and on its calling convention - none of which the front end knows.
The decision therefore belongs to the back end, along with register allocation and instruction selection. The linker resolves addresses between modules rather than within a frame, the scanner has no notion of layout, and the preprocessor works on text before any of this arises.
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