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Sterilization is best defined as a process that

  • A.renders a product free of all forms of viable microorganisms
  • B.destroys pathogenic organisms but spares harmless ones
  • C.reduces contaminants to a level judged safe for public health
  • D.prevents further multiplication without killing anything

Answer: A

Sterilization is absolute: nothing viable is left, spores and all. Disinfection destroys pathogens and many other organisms but is not required to eliminate spores, and sanitization only lowers numbers to an agreed safe level, so the three terms are not interchangeable.

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