Discussion
Phenolics act as disinfectant by ____________.
Answer: A
Phenolics disinfect by rupturing the plasma membrane, followed by leakage of cellular contents.
Phenol and its derivatives, such as cresols, chloroxylenol and triclosan, dissolve in the lipid of the cytoplasmic membrane and disrupt it, so ions and metabolites leak out. At higher concentrations they also denature and coagulate proteins. This mode of action is why phenol, Lister's antiseptic, became the reference standard (the phenol coefficient) for other disinfectants.
Bond formation between adjacent pyrimidines describes ultraviolet light, which forms thymine dimers. Alkylation of proteins is the action of aldehydes such as formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde and of ethylene oxide. Adduct formation with amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids is not how phenolics are described as acting.
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