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In a B+ tree, the requirement of at least half-full (50%) node occupancy is relaxed for which one of the following cases?

  • A.Only the root node
  • B.All leaf nodes
  • C.All internal nodes
  • D.Only the leftmost leaf node

Answer: A

The requirement is relaxed for only the root node.

A B+ tree of order n requires every node except the root to be at least half full. The root is exempt because a tree that has just been created, or that has shrunk after deletions, may hold very few keys: the root of a non-leaf tree needs only two children, and a root that is a leaf may hold a single key.

All leaf nodes and all internal nodes other than the root must meet the half-full rule, which is what keeps the tree balanced and its height logarithmic. Nothing special applies to the leftmost leaf.

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