Discussion
According to Jean Piaget a child who is unable to understand the logic behind simple mathematical reversals such as 4 + 5 = 9 so 9 − 5 = 4, it is because of :
Answer: B
The difficulty is due to irreversibility.
In Piaget's preoperational stage, children cannot mentally reverse an operation, running a sequence of steps backwards to return to the start. A child who sees that 4 + 5 = 9 but cannot see that this means 9 − 5 = 4 has not yet grasped that subtraction undoes addition. Reversibility develops in the concrete operational stage and underlies conservation.
Animistic thinking is attributing life to objects. Egocentrism is difficulty taking another's point of view. Perceptual centration is focusing on one striking feature of a situation. All are preoperational limitations, but only irreversibility explains a failure to reverse an operation.
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