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What is the difficulty with forward search in planning?

  • A.The state space is smaller than the plan space
  • B.Many applicable actions are irrelevant to the goal
  • C.The initial state is not always fully specified
  • D.Actions cannot be applied without knowing the goal

Answer: B

In a realistic domain hundreds of actions apply in every state and almost none advances the goal, so unguided forward search is hopeless. Good heuristics derived from relaxed problems changed that entirely and made forward search competitive again. The initial state is complete by assumption, actions are applicable regardless of the goal, and state spaces are enormous. A method dismissed as hopeless and revived by better heuristics is a reminder that a search strategy is only as good as its guidance.

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