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What is the practical lesson of decomposing a hard problem into stages?

  • A.Decomposition always produces an optimal overall solution
  • B.The stages may be developed by entirely separate teams
  • C.Each stage may use the technique best suited to it
  • D.The combined problem becomes solvable in polynomial time

Answer: C

Handing the causal part to a planner and the numeric part to a scheduler lets each use decades of specialised development, at the cost of iterating when the decomposition is imperfect. Complexity is unchanged and optimality is generally lost. Organisational separation is a side effect rather than a benefit. Accepting a loss of optimality in exchange for being able to use two mature tools is a trade that should be made explicitly rather than by default.

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