Discussion
The correct sequence of thrust (numbered 1 to 5) in the figure from south to north in the Himalayas are (ITS, Indus-Tsangpo Suture; MFT, Main frontal thrust; STD, Southern Tibetan detachment normal fault; MCT, Main central thrust; MBT, Main Boundary thrust) :
[The figure is a south-to-north cross-section of the Himalaya, from the Ganges foreland through the Siwaliks, Lesser Himalaya and Greater Himalaya to the Tibetan Plateau, with the five structures numbered 1 to 5 from south to north.]
Answer: A
The sequence from south to north is MFT-MBT-MCT-STD-ITS.
- Main Frontal Thrust (MFT): the southern edge of the Siwaliks against the Ganga plain.
- Main Boundary Thrust (MBT): separates the Siwaliks from the Lesser Himalaya.
- Main Central Thrust (MCT): carries the Greater Himalayan crystallines over the Lesser Himalaya.
- South Tibetan Detachment (STD): a north-dipping normal fault at the top of the Greater Himalaya, below the Tethyan sediments.
- Indus-Tsangpo Suture (ITS): the collision boundary with the Asian plate in southern Tibet.
The other sequences misplace the MFT, which is the youngest and southernmost thrust, or put the MBT north of the MCT and STD, or run from north to south.
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