Discussion
Classical plume types and the stability profile that produces each.
| Type | Below stack | Above stack | Ground level effect |
|---|---|---|---|
| Looping | Unstable | Unstable | Intermittent high peaks near the stack |
| Coning | Neutral | Neutral | Moderate and predictable |
| Fanning | Stable | Stable | Very little near the source |
| Lofting | Stable | Unstable | Almost none |
Which type carries the greatest risk of a sudden high concentration later, far from the stack?
Answer: C
Correct answer: Fanning
Fanning is the dangerous one. In a stable layer the plume spreads horizontally but hardly at all vertically, so it travels for great distances almost undiluted. Nothing appears near the source - and when the layer later breaks up, that concentrated plume can be brought to the ground in one body, far downwind.
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