Discussion
Below are two statements (A) and (B) in the context of emergence of nation states in Europe in 18-19th centuries.
Statement (A) : Till the eighteenth century, people in Europe saw themselves as nation states.
Statement (B) : A consciousness was created in the early nineteenth century among the people that each linguistic community was a separate nation.
Answer: D
The answer is (A) is wrong, but (B) is correct.
Until the late eighteenth century, people in Europe did not see themselves as members of a nation in the modern sense. They thought of themselves as subjects of a ruler or members of a region or community, and states were dynastic empires such as the Habsburg empire, ruling many peoples. So (A) is wrong.
In the early nineteenth century, nationalism spread the idea that each linguistic or cultural community formed a separate nation and should have its own state, a consciousness that lay behind the unification of Germany and Italy. So (B) is correct, and the options treating (A) as correct are wrong.
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