Discussion
Which one of the following political theorists made a clear distinction between two levels of superstructure (a) Political society, (b) Civil society ?
Answer: C
The distinction between political society and civil society was drawn by Gramsci.
Antonio Gramsci, in his Prison Notebooks, divided the superstructure into political society (the state and its coercive apparatus) and civil society (churches, schools, media, associations). The ruling class keeps power not only by force through political society but by hegemony, winning consent through civil society.
Engels, Lenin and Mao worked within classical Marxism's emphasis on the economic base and the state as an instrument of class rule, and did not develop this two-level theory of the superstructure.
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