Discussion
From whom does Marx borrow but fundamentally modify his dialectic method ?
Answer: B
Marx borrowed and transformed the dialectic of Hegel.
Hegel saw history as the dialectical self-development of Spirit (Geist), with ideas moving through contradiction to higher syntheses. Marx kept the dialectical method but grounded it in material production and class conflict, saying in the afterword to Capital that with Hegel the dialectic was standing on its head and had to be turned right side up.
Feuerbach gave Marx his materialist critique of religion but not the dialectic, Kant's philosophy is critical rather than dialectical in this sense, and Adam Smith influenced Marx's economics, not his method.
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