Discussion
Assertion (A) : High birth rates display large proportion of population in younger age groups.
Reason (R) : Industrialization has been a factor in bringing down fertility rate.
Answer: B
The answer is both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Assertion (A) is correct: when birth rates are high, each new cohort is larger than the one before it, so a large proportion of the population is in the younger age groups, which gives the pyramid its broad base.
Reason (R) is also correct: industrialisation, with urban living, education and the changing economic value of children, has helped bring fertility down. But (R) is about why fertility falls, while (A) is about the age structure that high fertility produces, so (R) does not explain (A).
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