Discussion

Match the List-I and List-II and select the correct answer from the codes given below :

List-I (Type of Movements)	List-II (Characteristics)
(a) Transhumance	(1) Movement from home to place of work
(b) Commuting	(2) Short-term, repetitive, cyclical migration
(c) Emigration	(3) Seasonal movement up and down the hills
(d) Circulation	(4) Migration across international borders

Answer: A

The correct matching is a-3, b-1, c-4, d-2.

Transhumance is the seasonal movement of herders and their animals up and down the hills, as with the Gujjars and Bakarwals of the Himalaya.
Commuting is daily travel from home to the place of work.
Emigration is migration out of a country, across international borders.
Circulation is short-term, repetitive or cyclical movement without a permanent change of residence.

Option D swaps emigration and circulation, and options B and C misplace transhumance.

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