Discussion
Which of the following is a consequence of migration ?
(i) Changes in sex ratio
(ii) Changes in literacy and education
(iii) Changes in age-structure
(iv) Changes in residence
Answer: C
All four are consequences, so the answer is (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv).
Migration is selective by sex, so it changes the sex ratio of both the areas people leave and the areas they reach, as in the male-dominated cities of India. It is also selective by age, usually of young adults, so it changes the age structure. Migrants often differ in literacy and education from those who stay, which changes the educational profile of both places. And migration by definition changes the place of residence.
Since all four effects follow, the options that leave any out are incomplete.
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