Discussion
.................... is useful in objectively measuring inter-village settlement spacing.
Answer: C
The technique is nearest neighbour analysis.
Developed by the ecologists Clark and Evans and applied to settlements by geographers, it compares the mean observed distance from each settlement to its nearest neighbour with the distance expected if the same number of points were randomly spread over the area. The ratio Rn runs from 0 (all clustered) through 1.0 (random) to 2.15 (perfectly uniform), so it measures spacing objectively.
The gravity model and the break-point theory measure interaction between two places, and a concentration index measures how unevenly something is distributed among areas, not the spacing between settlements.
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