Discussion
What is population momentum ?
Answer: B
Population momentum is the tendency of a population to continue to grow after replacement level fertility has been reached.
A population that has been growing fast has a young age structure, with many young people still to enter the childbearing ages. Even if each couple has only enough children to replace themselves, the number of births stays above the number of deaths for decades, until the age structure has settled.
The first option is the opposite, since it describes continued decline. The third option describes nothing in demography, and the fourth is wrong because stabilisation is reached only after momentum has worked itself out, so the two are not the same.
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