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An amplifier's output devices run hot at idle and hotter still with time. What should be suspected?

  • A.A load impedance lower than the design intended
  • B.A supply voltage above its nominal figure
  • C.An input signal with excessive amplitude
  • D.A bias spreader not tracking the output devices

Answer: D

Rising temperature at idle with no signal is thermal runaway in the bias: as the output devices heat their required bias voltage falls, and if the spreader does not fall with them the quiescent current climbs. Load, supply and input all act only when a signal is present. The usual cause is a spreader that has come loose from the heatsink, which is why its mounting is checked before anything else.

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