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An output capacitor works into \( 8 \ \Omega \). For a \( 20 \ \mathrm{Hz} \) break it must be at least about

  • A.1000 microfarads
  • B.100 microfarads
  • C.10 microfarads
  • D.10000 microfarads

Answer: A

The break frequency relation with a very small resistance:

\[ C = \frac{1}{2\pi (20)(8)} \approx 1000 \ \mathrm{\mu F} \]

giving about 1000 microfarads, a physically large and expensive part that also distorts a little as its dielectric is worked. That cost, and the distortion, are exactly why split supplies and direct coupling took over.

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