Discussion
On rolling a dice 2 times, the sum of 2 numbers that appear on the uppermost face is 8. What is the probability that the first throw of dice yields 4?
Answer: D
The sum is given to be 8, so the sample space shrinks to the outcomes that produce it.
\[ (2,6),\ (3,5),\ (4,4),\ (5,3),\ (6,2) \]
Five outcomes, of which exactly one starts with a 4.
\[ P = \frac{1}{5} \]
Note that \( (4,4) \) is a single outcome, not two. Without the given sum, the probability of "first throw 4 and total 8" would be \( \tfrac{1}{36} \).
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