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Which advantage does a hollow shaft have over a solid one?

  • A.Lower cost
  • B.Better damping of torsional vibration, because the hollow section flexes more readily than a solid bar would do
  • C.Greater stiffness for a given weight
  • D.Greater strength for a given diameter, because the hollow section is able to carry a higher stress at its surface

Answer: C

Torsional stiffness depends on the fourth power of the radius, so material near the axis contributes almost nothing and is better removed. The same principle governs bending. A hollow section also has a higher critical speed for its weight. Naming the cost of a choice alongside its benefit is what turns a fact into a design decision. The order in which the effects act is what decides the outcome, so it is worth establishing first.

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