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Which limitation determines the maximum length of a single shaft?

  • A.The torsional strength, which falls as the length increases because the shaft is able to twist through a greater angle
  • B.The weight
  • C.The angular capacity of the universal joints, which must accommodate a greater angle as the shaft becomes longer
  • D.The critical whirling speed

Answer: D

A shaft has a natural frequency of lateral vibration, and above the corresponding rotational speed it bows outward violently. The critical speed falls as the square of the length. Torsional strength is essentially unaffected by length. Reading the definition literally, rather than recalling a summary, avoids the usual confusion. Checking which component actually carries the load settles most questions of this kind at once.

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