Discussion
Statement I: Bulk density is always lower than true density for a grain lot.
Statement II: Bulk volume includes the air held in the voids between kernels.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer.
Answer: C
Correct answer: Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
Both statements are true, and the second is the reason for the first.
Bulk volume contains the kernels plus the air between them, while the same mass occupies only the solid volume when true density is computed. The larger denominator necessarily gives the smaller density, so \( \rho_b < \rho_t \) for any lot with non-zero porosity - which is every real one, since rigid particles cannot pack without voids. The gap between the two is exactly the porosity, typically around 40 per cent for cereals.
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