Discussion
What is modus ponens?
Answer: A
Modus ponens is the rule that from p implies q and p, conclude q, and it is sound in every logic that has implication. Affirming the consequent, the second option, is a fallacy. Contraposition is an equivalence rather than an inference from premises, and the fourth is disjunctive syllogism. Distinguishing the sound rule from the plausible looking fallacy that reverses it is the single most useful thing to be clear about in elementary logic. Most errors here come from carrying a result across from a neighbouring case where it does not hold.
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