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With which connective is an existential claim normally written?

  • A.Disjunction, since alternatives are being considered
  • B.Equivalence
  • C.Conjunction
  • D.Implication, since a condition must be met first

Answer: C

Saying that some student is diligent is written as: there is an object which is a student and is diligent, since using implication would be satisfied by any object that is not a student at all. That is the second of the two classic translation errors. The pairing is not a convention but a consequence of what the quantifiers mean, and working through why the wrong connective gives an unintended reading is what fixes it in mind. Naming the cost of a choice alongside its benefit is what turns a fact into a design decision.

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