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What is skolemisation?

  • A.Replacing an existentially quantified variable by a new function
  • B.Removing all universal quantifiers from a formula
  • C.Converting a formula into conjunctive normal form
  • D.Renaming variables so that no two quantifiers share a name

Answer: A

Skolemisation replaces each existential variable by a term built from a fresh function symbol applied to the enclosing universal variables, which removes the existential quantifiers while preserving satisfiability. It is a step in converting to clausal form. Universal removal, normal form conversion and standardising apart are the neighbouring steps. Preserving satisfiability rather than equivalence is the subtlety, and it is exactly what a refutation procedure needs.

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