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What is a sentence as opposed to a formula?

  • A.A formula containing at least one quantifier
  • B.A formula that has been proved to be true
  • C.A formula written in natural language rather than symbols
  • D.A formula with no free variables

Answer: D

A sentence has every variable bound by a quantifier, so it has a truth value in an interpretation without any further assignment. A formula with a free variable is true or false only relative to an assignment to that variable. Quantifier presence, provability and notation are different matters. Being precise about which expressions have truth values on their own is what allows entailment to be defined without ambiguity.

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