Discussion
Why must variables be standardised apart before resolution?
Answer: B
Since each clause is implicitly universally quantified on its own, a variable in one has nothing to do with a variable of the same name in another, and unifying them would be an error. Renaming apart makes that explicit. Resolution handles variables by unification, clause counts are unchanged, and the occurs check is a separate safeguard. A step that exists purely to prevent an accidental name collision is easy to omit and produces wrong proofs when it is.
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