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What is the scope of a quantifier?

  • A.The part of the formula in which its variable is bound
  • B.The set of objects the quantifier ranges over in a model
  • C.The number of variables the quantifier introduces at once
  • D.The portion of the knowledge base the quantifier applies to

Answer: A

Scope is a syntactic matter fixed by the brackets, and a variable occurring outside the scope of its quantifier is free rather than bound. The range of objects is the domain, which is a semantic notion, and a quantifier introduces exactly one variable. Getting the scope wrong changes the meaning entirely, which is why formulas are written with explicit brackets even when convention would permit them to be dropped, and it is a discipline worth keeping.

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