Discussion
A fan of \( 2.8 \) m diameter is replaced by one of \( 3.1 \) m. The increase in nacelle frontal area is about
Answer: D
Correct answer: 23 per cent
Frontal area varies with the square of the diameter:
\[ \frac{A_2}{A_1} = \left(\frac{3.1}{2.8}\right)^2 = 1.107^2 = 1.226 \]
an increase of about 23 per cent. The diameter has risen only 11 per cent, which is the distractor offered, but drag follows the area rather than the diameter. This square-law growth is why nacelle drag and ground clearance both become pressing as bypass ratio rises.
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