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Arrange the events following an engine failure on a twin in causal order:

1. The rudder is applied and the aircraft is held straight

2. Thrust becomes asymmetric

3. The fin and rudder are sized from the balance required

4. A yawing moment develops, augmented by windmilling drag

Select the correct sequence.

  • A.4, 2, 1, 3
  • B.2, 1, 4, 3
  • C.1, 2, 4, 3
  • D.2, 4, 1, 3

Answer: D

Correct answer: 2, 4, 1, 3

The chain runs from the failure to the design consequence. Thrust becomes asymmetric (2) the moment the engine fails. A yawing moment develops, augmented by the windmilling drag of the dead engine acting on the opposite side (4).

The rudder is applied and the aircraft held straight (1), and the fin and rudder are sized from the balance that requires (3). The last step is the design one: the surfaces exist to meet this case, so the case must be established before they can be sized.

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