Discussion
Consider the following pairs of installation choice and its penalty:
Underwing pod - Large engine-out yawing moment
Rear fuselage engines - Aft centre of gravity and a heavier rear fuselage
Buried engines - Difficult engine change and a cut-about wing box
High bypass ratio - Reduced ground clearance under a low wing
How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?
Answer: B
Correct answer: All four
Every pair is correct, and together they make the point that no installation is without cost. An underwing pod's long moment arm gives a large engine-out yawing moment; rear-fuselage engines shift the centre of gravity aft and require a heavier rear fuselage.
Buried engines are difficult to change and force the wing box to be cut about; and a high bypass ratio reduces ground clearance under a low wing. Choosing an installation means choosing which of these penalties to accept, which is what makes propulsion integration a genuine design trade.
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