Discussion
Assertion (A): Supersonic aircraft use variable-geometry inlets.
Reason (R): A fixed shock system can be optimal at only one Mach number.
Select the correct answer from the options below.
Answer: D
Correct answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Both statements are true and the reason is the whole justification for the mechanism. A supersonic inlet decelerates the flow through oblique shocks whose angles depend on the flight Mach number, so a fixed geometry is correctly matched at one speed only.
Variable ramps or a translating centrebody reposition the shock system across the envelope, keeping pressure recovery high and avoiding buzz. The cost in weight, complexity and maintenance is accepted because a mismatched inlet loses far more in thrust than the mechanism weighs.
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