Discussion
Propulsion types and where each can operate.
| Type | Works at rest | Works at Mach 5 | Works outside the atmosphere |
|---|---|---|---|
| Turbofan | Yes | No | No |
| Ramjet | No | Yes | No |
| Scramjet | No | Yes | No |
| Rocket | Yes | Yes | Yes |
What does the table imply about a vehicle intended to reach orbit from a runway?
Answer: A
Correct answer: More than one type is needed
Read the table down the columns. Only the rocket works at rest, at Mach 5 and outside the atmosphere, but a rocket must carry its own oxidiser for the whole ascent, which is what makes single-stage runway-to-orbit so hard. The air breathers each cover part of the range and none covers it all, so a runway-launched orbital vehicle needs a combined-cycle or staged arrangement - turbine to accelerate from rest, ram or scramjet through the atmosphere, and rocket beyond it.
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