Discussion
Which of the following bonds in proteins have a partial double bond character ?
Answer: D
The bond with partial double bond character is C – N, the peptide bond.
In the peptide bond between the carbonyl carbon of one residue and the amide nitrogen of the next, the nitrogen's lone pair is delocalised into the carbonyl. Resonance gives the C-N bond about 40% double bond character, so it is shorter than a normal C-N single bond, planar and does not rotate freely. This planarity is why backbone conformation is described only by the phi and psi angles.
The Cα-C, Cα-Cβ and Cα-N bonds are ordinary single bonds. Rotation about Cα-N (phi) and Cα-C (psi) is what lets the chain fold.
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