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Reliability can be defined as

  • A.\(\dfrac{\text{True score variance}}{\text{Total variance}}\)
  • B.\(\dfrac{\text{Error variance}}{\text{Total variance}}\)
  • C.\(\dfrac{\text{True score variance}}{\text{Error variance}}\)
  • D.\(\dfrac{\text{Error variance}}{\text{Total score variance}}\)

Answer: A

Reliability is the ratio of true score variance to total variance.

In classical test theory the obtained score is the true score plus random error. Reliability is the proportion of the observed variance that is due to the true scores:

\[ r_{xx} = \frac{\sigma^{2}_{T}}{\sigma^{2}_{X}} \]

The second option, error variance over total variance, is the unreliability, and the other two ratios do not have a meaning of this kind.

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