Discussion
When the rater knows student's standing on an aptitude test and he is asked to rate the student, then this is considered as an example of :
Answer: B
This is criterion contamination.
In a validity study, the predictor (the aptitude test) is correlated with a criterion (here, the rater's judgement of the student). If the rater knows the student's test score, that knowledge can influence the rating, so the criterion is no longer independent of the predictor. The result is an artificially high validity coefficient.
Cross validation is re-testing a prediction equation on a new sample. Criterion validity is the general idea that a test predicts or agrees with an outside criterion, which contamination distorts. Face validity is whether a test looks, on its surface, as if it measures what it claims to.
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