Discussion
Item response theory is based on the following assumptions :
I : Unidimensional nature of the test.
II : Varying ability level of respondents.
Answer: C
Both are assumptions, so the answer is I and II both.
Item response theory models the probability of a response to an item as a function of a latent trait, usually called ability (theta), and of the item's own parameters. It assumes that the test measures a single dominant trait, unidimensionality (I), together with local independence of items.
It also assumes that respondents differ in their level of that trait, so that ability varies across people and the item characteristic curve describes how the chance of a correct answer changes with ability (II). Without that variation the model's central function would have nothing to describe, so options leaving out either statement are wrong.
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