Discussion
Who is considered as the most important actor in policy implementation ?
Answer: C
The most important actor in implementation is the bureaucracy.
Once a policy has been adopted, it is the administrative agencies that turn it into action: they frame rules, allocate resources, deliver services and deal with the people the policy is meant to reach. Their discretion in doing so shapes what the policy finally becomes, which is why implementation studies, from Pressman and Wildavsky to Lipsky's 'street-level bureaucrats', focus on officials.
Political leaders and political parties dominate the earlier stages of agenda setting and formulation. Non-governmental actors may take part in delivery or monitoring, but they work alongside the administrative machinery rather than replacing it, so none of them is the chief implementer.
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