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What happens if a signal is sampled below its Nyquist rate?

  • A.Higher components fold down into the baseband
  • B.The sample amplitudes are reduced in proportion to the shortfall
  • C.The pulse train's average power falls below what the channel needs
  • D.The reconstruction filter has to be made correspondingly wider

Answer: A

Under-sampling folds components above half the rate down into the baseband, where they sit on top of the wanted signal. Sample amplitudes are unaffected, and so is the average power. And the reconstruction filter would need to be narrower rather than wider. The damage is done at the moment of sampling, which is why the sampling rate and the anti-alias filter must be settled together as one decision.

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