Discussion
By how much does the signal-to-quantisation-noise ratio improve per extra bit?
Answer: C
Each additional bit doubles the number of levels and so halves the step size, improving the ratio by about 6 dB - the familiar rule that a sixteen-bit coder betters an eight-bit one by some forty-eight decibels. 3 dB corresponds to a doubling of power rather than of amplitude resolution. And the remaining figures follow from neither. A rule expressed per bit makes the whole design trade between bit rate and quality immediately visible. Working one numerical case through both schemes side by side fixes the distinction better than any rule of thumb.
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