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Arrange the stages of a pulse code modulation transmitter in order.

1. Anti-alias filtering

2. Sampling

3. Quantising

4. Encoding into bits

Select the correct sequence.

  • A.2, 1, 3, 4
  • B.1, 3, 2, 4
  • C.1, 2, 4, 3
  • D.1, 2, 3, 4

Answer: D

The order is 1, 2, 3, 4, and each position is forced: filtering must precede sampling because aliasing is irreversible, quantising needs a sample to act on, and encoding needs a level to represent. A signal chain whose order can be reconstructed from the reasons for it never has to be memorised as a list.

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