Discussion
Why is an eight kilohertz sampling rate used for a 3.4 kilohertz telephone channel?
Answer: A
Nyquist would allow 6.8 kHz, but a filter cannot fall from passband to stopband instantly, so the extra 1.2 kHz gives its transition band somewhere to live. It is not exactly twice the limit, the frame rate follows from the sampling rate rather than setting it, and quantisation noise depends on word length rather than sampling rate. Standard values almost always sit a little clear of a theoretical bound, and the margin is usually there for a component that cannot be ideal.
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