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Which scheme would suit a route with many amplifiers in cascade?

  • A.Pulse width modulation with a low duty cycle
  • B.Pulse position modulation with tight framing
  • C.Pulse code modulation
  • D.Pulse amplitude modulation

Answer: C

Code modulation, because each regenerator rebuilds the pulses and noise does not accumulate along the route, whereas every analogue pulse scheme degrades a little at each hop. The analogue schemes differ among themselves in noise immunity but all of them accumulate. Once a route is long enough, the ability to regenerate outweighs every other consideration, which is why long-haul transmission went digital before anything else did. A single measurement chosen to respond to the one asymmetry beats several that respond to shared behaviour.

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