Discussion
In most of the Muslim countries, the ............ theory is the basis of penal jurisprudence.
Answer: C
The answer is the retributive theory.
Retribution treats punishment as the offender's just desert, in proportion to the wrong: an eye for an eye. Classical Islamic criminal law reflects this in qisas, retaliation in kind for homicide and bodily injury, and in the fixed hadd punishments, and jurisprudence textbooks cite the Muslim countries that apply it as the leading example of the retributive theory in operation.
Deterrent and preventive theories look forward to stopping future crime, and the reformative theory aims to rehabilitate the offender; they describe modern Western systems more than penal law based on qisas.
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