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Which equation predicts the geopotential tendency in the QG system?

  • A.The height tendency equation
  • B.The omega equation, which instead diagnoses the vertical motion from the advection terms at each level
  • C.The vorticity equation
  • D.The thermodynamic energy equation, which gives the rate of change of temperature following the motion

Answer: A

Eliminating omega between the QG vorticity and thermodynamic equations gives an elliptic equation for the local rate of change of geopotential, forced by vorticity advection and by the vertical derivative of thermal advection. Eliminating the time derivatives instead gives the omega equation. The pair are the two ways of combining the same two equations and together they form the working machinery of the theory. Working one numerical case through both cases side by side fixes the distinction better than any rule of thumb.

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