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Which range of wavelengths is unstable in the two-level model?

  • A.All wavelengths
  • B.Only wavelengths shorter than the deformation radius, since longer waves are stabilised by the beta effect
  • C.A band bounded above and below
  • D.All wavelengths longer than the deformation radius, with growth increasing steadily as they lengthen

Answer: C

Short waves are stabilised because they cannot span the depth of the shear, and long waves are stabilised by the beta effect, leaving an unstable band whose centre lies at several thousand kilometres. That band matches the observed spectrum of mid-latitude cyclones well. The short wave cut-off appears in the Eady model too, but the long wave cut-off requires beta.

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