Discussion
Which growth rate does baroclinic instability theory predict?
Answer: A
The maximum growth rate is proportional to the shear divided by the buoyancy frequency, giving an e-folding time near 24 hours for typical mid-latitude values. That matches the observed pace at which a cyclone develops from a barely visible wave to a mature system in two or three days. The rate depends strongly on the shear, so a theory giving a shear-independent answer would contradict observation immediately. Checking the units of each quantity catches a wrong formula before the arithmetic begins.
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