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Which observation confirms the tilt in a developing system?

  • A.The upper trough lies directly above the surface low at the moment of the most rapid deepening of all
  • B.The upper trough is absent
  • C.The surface low lies west of the upper trough, so that the whole system leans forward into the flow
  • D.The upper trough lies west of the surface low

Answer: D

In a deepening system the upper trough lies upstream of the surface low, which in westerly flow means to the west, and the two become vertically aligned only as the system matures. This classical rule of thumb from synoptic analysis matches the tilt requirement derived from theory exactly, which is a satisfying convergence of empirical practice and dynamical reasoning.

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