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Consider two infinitely long thin concentric tubes of circular cross section as shown in figre. If D1 and D2 are the diameters of the inner and outer tubes respectively, then the view factor F22 is given by:

Cross section of two concentric circles with dashed centre lines; the inner circle is marked 1 and the outer circle is marked 2

  • A.\(\left(\frac{D_{2}}{D_{1}}\right) - 1\)
  • B.zero
  • C.\(\left(\frac{D_{1}}{D_{2}}\right)\)
  • D.\(1 - \left(\frac{D_{1}}{D_{2}}\right)\)

Answer: D

The view factor is \(F_{22} = 1 - \left(\frac{D_{1}}{D_{2}}\right)\).

All radiation leaving the inner tube reaches the outer tube, so \(F_{12} = 1\). By reciprocity, \(A_{2}F_{21} = A_{1}F_{12}\), and per unit length the areas are in the ratio of the diameters, so \(F_{21} = D_{1}/D_{2}\). Since the outer tube's inside surface is concave, it also sees itself, and the factors from surface 2 must add up to one:

\[ F_{22} = 1 - F_{21} = 1 - \frac{D_{1}}{D_{2}} \]

\(D_{1}/D_{2}\) alone is \(F_{21}\), not \(F_{22}\). Zero would be right only for a flat or convex surface, and \(D_{2}/D_{1} - 1\) can exceed one.

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